Which Of These Is Nearest In Meaning To The Word Importuning As It Is Used In The Passage Above

Soal TOEFL Tentang Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension Time : 55 minutes

This section of the test measures your ability to comprehend written materials.

Directions: This department contains several passages, each followed by a number of questions. Read the passages and, for each question, choose the one all-time answer-(A), (B), (C), or (D)-based on what is stated in the passage or on what tin can be inferred from the passage. So fill in the space on your respond canvass that matches the letter of the alphabet of the answer that y'all take selected.

Read the following passage:

Similar mammals, birds claim their own territories. A
bird's territory may exist pocket-sized or large. Some birds
claim only their nest and the surface area correct around it,
while others merits far larger territories that include
their feeding areas. Gulls, penguins, and other waterfowl (line (v)
nest in huge colonies, only fifty-fifty in the biggest colonies,
each male person and his mate accept small territories of their

Male birds defend their territory chiefly against other
 males of the aforementioned species. In some cases, a alarm call (line 10)
or threatening pose may be all the defence needed, but in
other cases, intruders may refuse to go out peacefully.

Example one

What is the principal topic of this passage?
(A) Birds that live in colonies
(B) Birds'mating habits (C)
The behavior of birds
(D) Territoriality in birds

The passage mainly concerns the territories of birds. You should fill in (D) on your answer sheet.

Example II

According to the passage, male birds defend their territory primarily against ___
(A) female birds
(B) birds of other species
(C) males of their own species
(D) mammals

The passage states that "Male birds defend their territory importantly confronting other males of the same species." You should fill in (C) on your answer sheet. As shortly as y'all empathise the directions, begin work on this section.

Questions 1-11

The Sun today is a yellow dwarf star. It is fueled by
thermonuclear reactions most its center that convert hydrogen to
 helium. The Sunday has existed in its present state for almost iv
billion, 600 million years and is thousands of times larger than (line 5)
the Globe.

By studying other stars, astronomers can predict what the balance
of the Dominicus's life volition be like. About 5 billion years from now,
the core of the Sun volition compress and become hotter. The surface
temperature will fall. The higher temperature of the center will
increment the rate of thermonuclear reactions. The outer regions of (line 10)
the Sun volition aggrandize approximately 35 million miles, about the
distance to Mercury, which is the closest planet to the Lord's day. The
Sunday will then be a red behemothic star. Temperatures on the Earth will
become as well hot for life to exist.

Once the Sun has used upward its thermonuclear energy equally a red giant, (line 15)
it will begin to shrink. Afterward it shrinks to the size of the Earth,
it will get a white dwarf star. The Dominicus may throw off huge
amounts of gases in violent eruptions chosen nova explosions as information technology
changes from a red behemothic to a white dwarf.

After billions of years equally a white dwarf, the Sun volition have used (line 20)
upwardly all its fuel and will have lost its heat. Such a star is called
a black dwarf. Subsequently the Sun has become a black dwarf, the Globe
 volition exist dark and cold. If whatsoever atmosphere remains in that location, it will
accept frozen onto the Earth's surface.

1. What is the main purpose of this passage?
(A) To alert people to the dangers posed by the Sun
(B) To discuss atmospheric condition on Earth in the far future
(C) To present a theory about red giant stars
 (D) To depict changes that the Sun volition go through

2. The word "fueled" in line one is closest in meaning to ___
(A) powered
(B) bombarded
(C) created
 (D) propelled

3. The word "state" in line 3 is closest in meaning to ___
(A) shape
(B) condition
(C) location
(D) size

4. Information technology can be inferred from the passage that the Sun ___
(A) is approximately halfway through its life as a yellow dwarf
(B) has been in existence for 10 billion years
(C) is chop-chop changing in size and brightness
(D) will continue every bit a xanthous dwarf for another x billion years

5. What volition probably be the first stage of modify as the Sun becomes a cerise behemothic? ___
(A) Its cadre will cool off and use less fuel.
(B) Its surface volition become hotter and compress.
(C) It will throw off huge amounts of gases.
(D) Its heart will abound smaller and hotter.

six. When the Sunday becomes a red giant, what volition conditions be like on Earth? ___
(A) Its atmosphere volition freeze and become solid.
(B) It will be enveloped in the expanding surface of the Sun.
(C) It will become likewise hot for life to exist.
(D) It will be nearly destroyed by nova explosions.

seven. As a white dwarf, the Sun will exist ___
(A) the aforementioned size every bit the planet Mercury
(B) thousands of times smaller than it is today
(C) around 35 million miles in diameter
(D) cold and dark

8. According to the passage, which of the following best describes the sequence of stages that the Sun will probably pass through? ___
(A) Yellow dwarf, white dwarf, red giant, black giant
(B) Cherry behemothic, white dwarf, cerise dwarf, nova explosion
(C) Yellow dwarf, red giant, white dwarf, blackness dwarf
(D) White dwarf, ruddy behemothic, black dwarf, yellow dwarf

9. The phrase "throw off" in line 17 is closest in meaning to ___
(A) squirt
(B) fire up
(C) convert
(D) let in

10. The word "there" in line 23 refers to ___
 (A) our ain planet
(B) the outer surface of the Sunday
(C) the core of a blackness dwarf
(D) the planet Mercury

11. Which of the following best describes the tone of the passage?
(A) Alarmed
(B) Pessimistic
(C) Comic
 (D) Objective

Questions 12-23

It is said that George Washington was one of the first to realize
how important the building of canals would be to the nation's
development. In fact, before he became President, he headed the
 start company in the United States to build a culvert which was to
connect the Ohio and Potomac rivers. It was never completed, just it (line five)
showed the nation the feasibility of canals. Every bit the land
 expanded westward, settlers in western New York, Pennsylvania, and
 Ohio needed a means to ship appurtenances. Canals linking natural waterways
 seemed to offer an effective solution.

In 1791 engineers commissioned by the state of New York (line ten)
investigated the possibility of a canal between Albany on the
Hudson River and Buffalo on Lake Erie, which would link the Great
 Lakes area with the Atlantic seacoast. It would avoid the
mountains that served as a barrier to canals from the Delaware
and Potomac rivers. (line fifteen)

 The get-go attempt to dig the culvert, to exist called the Erie Culvert,
was made by individual companies, but simply a comparatively pocket-sized
portion was built before the project was halted for lack of funds.
The cost of the projection was an estimated 5 million dollars, an
enormous amount for those days. There was some on-once more-off again (line 20)
 Federal funding, simply the War of 1812 put an stop to this. In 1817
DeWitt Clinton was elected Governor of New York and persuaded the
 state to finance and build the canal. Information technology was completed in 1825,
costing two million dollars more than expected.

The canal rapidly lived up to its sponsors' faith, quickly paying (line 25)
for itself through tolls. It was far more economic than any other
 form of transportation at the time. It permitted trade betwixt the
Nifty Lake region and East Declension, robbing the Mississippi River of
 much of its traffic. It allowed New York to supplant Boston,
Philadelphia, and other Eastern cities as the principal center of both (line xxx)
domestic and strange commerce. Cities sprang upwardly along the culvert. It also contributed in a number of ways to the North's victory over the South in the Ceremonious War.

An expansion of the culvert was planned in 1849. Increased traffic
would undoubtedly have warranted its construction had information technology not been
for the development of the railroads.

12. Why does the author most likely mention George Washington in the first paragraph?
 (A) He was President at the time the Erie Culvert was built.
 (B) He was involved in pioneering efforts to build canals.
(C) He successfully opened the get-go canal in the Us.
 (D) He commissioned engineers to study the possibility of building the Erie Culvert.

13. The discussion "feasibility" in line six is closest in meaning to ___
(A) profitability
(B) difficulty
(C) possibility
(D) capability

fourteen. Co-ordinate to the passage, the Erie Canal connected the ___
(A) Potomac and Ohio rivers
(B) Hudson River and Lake Erie
(C) Delaware and Potomac rivers
(D) Atlantic Ocean and the Hudson River

15. Which of the post-obit is closest in meaning to the word "insufficiently" in line 17?
(A) Relatively
(B) Contrarily
(C) Incredibly
 (D) Considerably

16. The phrase "on-once more-off-again" in line 20 could exist replaced by which of the
 following with the to the lowest degree change in meaning?
(A) Intermittent
(B) Unsolicited
(C) Ineffectual
(D) Gradual

17. The completion of the Erie Canal was financed by ___
(A) the state of New York
 (B) private companies
(C) the federal government
(D) DeWitt Clinton

18. The actual cost of building the Erie Canal was ___
(A) 5 million dollars
(B) less than had been estimated
(C) seven meg dollars
(D) more than could exist repaid

19. The word "tolls" in line 26 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
 (A) Jobs
(B) Grants
(C) Links
(D) Fees

20. Which of the following is NOT given in the fourth paragraph as an effect of the building of the Erie Canal?
(A) Information technology allowed the East Declension to trade with the Corking Lakes area.
(B) It took water traffic away from the Mississippi River.
(C) Information technology helped determine the outcome of the Civil War.
 (D) Information technology established Boston and Philadelphia as the most important centers of trade.

21. What tin be inferred about railroads in 1849 from the information in the last paragraph?
 (A) They were being planned but had not even so been congenital.
 (B) They were seriously underdeveloped.
(C) They had begun to compete with the Erie Canal for traffic.
(D) They were weakened past the expansion of the culvert.

22. The word "warranted" in line 35 is closest in meaning to ___
(A) guaranteed
(B) justified
(C) hastened
(D) prevented

23. At what indicate in the passage does the writer focus on the beginning of construction of the Erie Culvert? ___
(A) Lines iii-v
(B) Lines 10-xiii
(C) Lines 16-eighteen
(D) Lines 25-26

Questions 24-33

It'south a sound yous will probably never hear, a sickened tree
sending out a distress signal. Merely a grouping of scientists has heard
the cries, and they remember some insects also hear the copse and are
drawn to them like vultures to a dying animal.

Researchers with the u.s. Department of Agriculture's Wood (line 5)
 Service fastened sensors to the bark of parched copse and
 clearly heard distress calls. According to i of the scientists,
nearly drought-stricken trees transmit their plight in the 50- to 500
kilohertz range. (The unaided homo ear can find no more than
20 kilohertz.) Crimson oak, maple, white pine, and birch all brand (line ten)
 slightly different sounds in the class of vibrations at the surface of the woods.
            The scientists retrieve that the vibrations are created when
the water columns inside tubes that run the length of the tree pause,
a result of also piffling water flowing through them. These fractured (line 15)
columns send out distinctive vibration patterns. Considering some
insects communicate at ultrasonic frequencies, they may pick up the
 trees' vibrations and assail the weakened trees. Researchers are
 now running tests with potted trees that take been deprived of
h2o to come across if the sound is what attracts the insects. "Water (line xx)
stressed trees also smell differently from other trees, and they
 experience thermal changes, so insects could be responding to
something other than audio," one scientist said.

24. Which of the following is the master topic of the passage?
(A) The vibrations produced by insects
(B) The mission of the U.S. Forest Service
(C) The consequence of insects on trees
(D) The sounds fabricated by distressed trees

25. The word "them" in line 4 refers to ___
(A) trees
(B) scientists
(C) insects
(D) cries

26. The word "parched" in line half dozen is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Burned (B) Dehydrated CC) Recovered (D) Fallen

27, The word "plight" in line 8 is closest in meaning to ___
(A) signal
(B) condition
(C) demand
(D) agony

28. Information technology tin exist inferred from the passage that the sounds produced by the trees ___
(A) serve as a form of communication with other trees
(B) are the same no matter what type of tree produces them
(C) cannot exist heard by the unaided human ear
(D) fall into the 1-20 kilohertz range

29, The word "fractured" in line 15 is closest in meaning to ___
(A) long
(B) blocked
(C) hollow
(D) broken

30. Which of the following could be considered a cause of the trees' distress signals?
(A) Torn roots
(B) Attacks by insects
 (C) Experiments past scientists
(D) Lack of h2o

31. In line 17, the phrase "pick upwardly" could best exist replaced past which of the following?
(A) Perceive
(B) Lift
(C) Transmit
(D) Assault

32. All of the following are mentioned as possible factors in drawing insects to weakened trees EXCEPT ___
(A) thermal changes
(B) smells
(C) sounds
 (D) changes in color

33. It can be inferred that, at the time the passage was written, enquiry apropos the distress signals of trees ___
(A) had been conducted many years earlier
(B) had been unproductive up to so
(C) was continuing
(D) was no longer sponsored past the government

Questions 34–41

The concepts of analogy and homology are probably easier to
exemplify than to ascertain. When different species are structurally
compared, certain features can exist described as either coordinating or
homologous. For case, flight requires certain rigid aeronautical
 principles of pattern, however birds, bats, and insects have all (line v)
conquered the air. The wings of all iii types of animals derive
from dissimilar embryological structures, but they perform the aforementioned
functions. In this case, the flying organs of these creatures can
 exist said to be analogous. In contrast, features that arise from the
same structures in the embryo but are used in different functions are said to exist homologous. The pectoral fins of a fish, the wings of a bird, and the forelimbs of a mammal are all homologous structures. They are genetically related in the sense that both the forelimb and the wing evolved from the fin.

34. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
(A) A contrast is fatigued betwixt two concepts past means of examples.
(B) A full general concept is introduced, examples are given, and a decision is offered.
(C) Two definitions of the same concept are compared.
(D) Two proposals are suggested and support for both is offered.

35. According to the passage, the concepts of analogy and homology are ___
(A) hard to understand
(B) easier to understand through examples than through definitions
(C) impossible to explain
(D) unproblematic to define but difficult to apply

36. The word "rigid" in line iv is closest in significant to ___
(A) inflexible
(B) ideal
(C) unnatural
(D) steep

37. According to the information provided in the passage, which of the following would most probably be considered analogous?
(A) A shark'south fin and a tiger's claws
(B) A homo'due south arms and a bird'southward wings
(C) A monkey'due south tail and an elephant'southward tail
(D) A spider's legs and a horse's legs

38. According to the passage, one way in which homologous organs differ from analogous organs is that they ___
(A) are genetically related
(B) are but constitute in highly developed animals
(C) perform the aforementioned general functions
(D) come up from unlike embryological structures

39. Equally used throughout the passage, the term "structures" near nearly ways ___
(A) buildings
(B) features of an fauna'southward beefcake
(C) organizational principles
(D) units of grammar

40. The word "sense" in line 13 is closest in meaning to ___
(A) feeling
(B) logic
(C) meaning
(D) perception

41. Where in the passage does the author showtime focus his give-and-take on the concept of homology? (A) Lines 2-iv
(B) Lines vi-8
(C) Lines nine-i i
(D) Lines 13-14

Questions 42-50

Probably the most famous motion-picture show commenting on twentieth century
engineering science is Modernistic Times, made in 1936. Charlie Chaplin was
motivated to brand the film by a reporter who, while interviewing
 him, happened to describe working weather condition in industrial
 Detroit. Chaplin was told that healthy young subcontract boys were lured (line 5)
 to the city to piece of work on automotive assembly lines. Inside four or
 v years, these young men's health was destroyed past the stress of
 work in the factories.

The film opens with a shot of a mass of sheep making their way
downwards a crowded ramp. Abruptly the scene shifts to a scene of (line ten)
manufacturing plant workers jostling one another on their way to a manufactory.
All the same, the rather bitter notation of criticism in the implied
comparison is not sustained. It is replaced past a gentler note of
satire. Chaplin prefers to entertain rather than lecture.

Scenes of manufacturing plant interiors account for only about i-third of (line 15)
the footage of Modern Times, merely they incorporate some of the most
pointed social commentary likewise as the most comic situations. No
i who has seen the film can ever forget Chaplin vainly trying to
proceed pace with the fast-moving conveyor belt, most losing his
 mind in the process. Another pop scene involves an automated (line (xx)
 feeding machine brought to the assembly line so that workers need
non interrupt their labor to eat. The feeding motorcar malfunctions,
 hurling nutrient at Chaplin, who is strapped into his position on the
associates line and cannot escape. This serves to illustrate people'south
utter helplessness in the face up of machines that are meant to serve (line 25)
their basic needs.

 Clearly, Mod Times has its faults, but it remains the best
 film treating technology inside a social context. It does not
offer a radical social message, but it does accurately reverberate the
sentiments of many who experience they are victims of an over-mechanized (line 30)
world.

42. The writer's main purpose in writing this passage is to ___
(A) criticize the mill system of the 1930's
(B) analyze an of import film
(C) explain Chaplin's mode of acting
(D) discuss how film reveals the benefits of technology

43. According to the passage, Chaplin got the idea for the motion-picture show Modern Times from ___
(A) a newspaper article
(B) a scene in a movie
(C) a job he had one time held
(D) a conversation with a reporter

44. The discussion "abruptly" in line 10 is closest in meaning to ___
(A) suddenly
(B) mysteriously
(C) finally
(D) predictably

45. Information technology can be inferred from the passage that ii-thirds of the film Modern Times ___
(A) is completely unforgettable
(B) takes place outside a factory
(C) is more than critical than the other third
(D) entertains the audition more than the other 3rd

46. Which of the following could best replace the phrase "losing his mind" in lines nineteen-20? ___
(A) Getting fired
(B) Doing his chore
(C) Going insane
(D) Falling behind

47. The word "This" in line 24 refers to which of the following? ___
(A) The machine
(B) The food
(C) The assembly line
(D) The scene

48. Co-ordinate to the passage, the purpose of the scene involving the feeding machine is to testify people's ___
(A) ingenuity
(B) adaptability
(C) helplessness
(D) independence

49. The word "utter" in line 25 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Notable
(B) Complete
(C) Regrettable
 (D) Necessary

l. The writer would probably exist LEAST probable to use which of the following words to depict the film Mod Times? ___
(A) Revolutionary
(B) Entertaining
(C) Memorable
(D) Satirical

THIS IS THE End OF THE SAMPLE READING COMPREHENSION Section.

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED,

Become BACK AND CHECK YOUR Piece of work IN THIS SECTION ONLY.

Which Of These Is Nearest In Meaning To The Word Importuning As It Is Used In The Passage Above,

Source: https://www.scholarsofficial.com/bahasa-inggris/soal-reading-toefl-evaluation/

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